Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究

研究了在晴天的条件下，假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明：（1）假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型，而地毯草为三峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间不同，均有明显的“午睡”现象，日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草＞地毯草＞细叶结缕草；（2）假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别，“午睡”现象均不明显，日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草＞地毯草＞假俭草；（3）不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。     

围网养麝与圈养麝的比较研究

为提高林麝的科学饲养水平和养麝的经济效益 ,对上海崇明岛东平林场圈养和围网养林麝的行为、驯化程度及死亡率 3项指标进行比较研究。结果表明 ,圈养和围网养麝的行为受人为因素的影响较大 ;圈养林麝的驯化程度高于围网养 (P <0 0 5 ) ;圈养林麝的死亡率高于围网养 (P <0 0 5 )。     

在DELPHI5.0平台上利用NETBIOS设计网络通讯软件的探讨

在组建六道湾煤矿企业信息网的过程中,我们利用DELPHI5.0平台所提供的NET-BIOS接口单元,解决了从企业原有的专用网络上获取广播数据包的异构网络间通讯问题,本文介绍了DELPHI5.0平台所提供的NETBIOS接口单元的组成及主要功能,并详细说明了网络广播数据包接收器的编程方法.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Photosynthesis of field-grown Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars in relation to root-yield

There has been limited research on measuring potential differences in leaf gas exchange of Arracacha (Peruvian parsnip, Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars, as affected by different environments, as well as its relation to storage root-yield. The present paper reports field measurements of leaf CO₂ assimilation rates (A) for five contrasting cultivars grown at two different high-altitude locations. Using a design of plots chosen at random with three repetitions, commercial root production was determined in the two locations at different altitude (1580 and 1930 m). Daily leaf gas exchange was repeatedly monitored with a portable open-mode infrared gas analyzer at different times in both locations during the growth cycle. Root-yield, leaf area and dry weight were measured. Significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate and in specific leaf area (SLA) were observed among cultivars. Cultivars with high SLA, had high CO₂ assimilation. Mean (A_n) and total (A_tot) of CO₂ assimilation and SLA were significantly correlated with storage root-yield across cultivars and locations. The three cultivars with the greatest commercial root production also had the highest maximum values for A and the highest specific leaf area, indicating that these two parameters can be used to select for highly productive cultivars of A. xanthorriza.     

净能体系在肉鸡应用中的研究进展

能量是肉鸡各种生命活动的基础,也是肉鸡饲料中价格占比最高的元素,主要源于日粮中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的化学能。准确评估肉鸡能量需要量和日粮成分能量水平在肉鸡营养和生产中具有重要的科研和经济价值。代谢能（ME）体系是目前用于家禽饲料原料能值评定的成熟体系,在家禽营养和配方中被广泛使用。但和净能（NE）体系相比,代谢能体系忽略了饲料中不同原料成分摄食和消化过程中的热增耗（HI）差异对原料能值评价的影响,降低了原料能值评定的准确性。因此,作者结合国内外肉鸡净能相关研究进展,重点就肉鸡净能测定方法、肉鸡原料净能预测方程和影响肉鸡净能体系应用因素等方面进行综述讨论,以期为净能体系在肉鸡生产中的应用提供参考。     

内蒙古不同类型草地NPP时空动态特征及其气候影响因素分析

为揭示内蒙古不同类型草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空动态,探究其与气候因子的相关性,利用2001～2016年遥感数据,气象数据和20世纪80年代中国草地分类数据,采用光能利用率(CASA)模型,模拟获取2001～2016年内蒙古草地NPP,并分析了不同类型草地NPP的时空动态及其对气候因子的响应。结果表明:(1)2001～2016年,内蒙古草地年均NPP为163.9 gC/(m^2·a),空间上呈现东北部高西南部低的特征,年均NPP总量为31.6 TgC/a(1Tg=10¹²g);(2)试验的16年,内蒙古草地年均NPP呈增加趋势增加量为2.1 gC/(m^2·a),年际波动较大;(3)温性草甸草原、热性草丛、低地草甸、山地草甸和沼泽的年均NPP呈显著增加趋势,其他5类呈显著减少趋势;(4)NPP与年均温和年总降水量的相关系数分别为-0.01和0.4;(5)除温性荒漠草原和温性草原化荒漠外,其他类型草地NPP均与温度呈负相关关系,所有类型草地NPP与降水量均呈正相关关系。降水是影响内蒙古草地NPP最主要的气候因子。     

敖汉和维多利亚紫花苜蓿对低磷环境应激机制的比较

为了探索紫花苜蓿在低磷环境下的表现及响应机制,以期为提高苜蓿磷利用效率及磷吸收效率提供参考。试验以耐低磷较强的敖汉苜蓿和耐低磷较弱的维多利亚苜蓿为研究对象,以正常磷(500 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)处理为对照,低磷(5 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄)胁迫处理10、15、20 d后,分别观测其形态特征及生理指标的变化,比较两个品种在低磷胁迫下的差异,综合分析其耐低磷机制。结果表明,低磷胁迫下,敖汉和维多利亚的株高、地上生物量及磷含量有所下降,地下生物量、根冠比、总根长、根表面积及磷利用率有所提高,二者净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降(P<0.05),但是敖汉的下降幅度都远小于维多利亚;二者的酸性磷酸酶活性都极显著增强(P<0.01),但敖汉的酸性磷酸酶活性极显著高于维多利亚(P<0.01)。综合表明,低磷胁迫抑制了苜蓿的地上部分生长,促进了地下部分生长,敖汉较维多利亚耐低磷主要表现在光合作用受低磷影响较小、磷酸酶活性增强幅度较大。通过两个品种在低磷胁迫下的不同表现,为紫花苜蓿的耐低磷机制研究提供一定的理论依据。